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What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? #whatmed

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, leading to disrupted nerve signal transmission.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary widely and may include visual disturbances, sensory deficits, muscle weakness, spasticity, coordination problems, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The disease often follows a relapsing–remitting course.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and MRI evidence of lesions disseminated in time and space, supported by cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing oligoclonal bands.

Treatment Options

Treatment includes corticosteroids for acute relapses, disease-modifying therapies to reduce relapse frequency and progression, and symptomatic management with rehabilitation and supportive care.

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