Introduction to Homologous Series

A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of compounds that share the same functional group and follow a regular pattern in their molecular structure. Each series member differs from the next by a CH₂ (methylene) group. For example, the alkanes form a homologous series with methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), and so on.

One of the most interesting aspects of a homologous series is that the physical properties, such as boiling and melting points, show a gradual trend as you move through the series. Despite this, the chemical properties remain relatively similar since all members have the same functional group. This regularity helps chemists predict the behavior of compounds and simplifies the study of organic chemistry.
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