Keynesian Economics | Nudge Theory | Animal Spirits Economics | Economy By Manish Sir | EG Classes for IAS
0:00 Manish Sir Talks
4:50 Dictation Keynesian Economics
19:01 Dictation Nudge Theory
21:14 Dictation Microfoundation
24:02 Dictation Iconoclast
26:45 Dictation Active & Passive Economist
30:27 Dictation Animal Spirits
Keynesian Economics
Keynesian economics is a macroeconomic economic theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output, employment, and inflation. It is based on two main ideas.
First, aggregate demand is more likely than aggregate supply to be the primary cause of a short-run economic event like a recession.
Second, wages and prices can be sticky, and so, in an economic downturn, unemployment can result.
Nudge Theory
Nudge is a concept in behavioral economics, political theory, and behavioral sciences which proposes positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence the behavior and decision making of groups or individuals. Nudging contrasts with other ways to achieve compliance, such as education, legislation or enforcement.
Microfoundation
In economics, the microfoundations are the microeconomic behaviors of individual agents, like households or businesses, on which an economic theory is based.
Most early macroeconomic models, including early Keynesian models, were based on hypotheses about relationships between aggregate quantities, such as aggregate production, employment, consumption, and investment. Critics and proponents of these models disagreed as to whether these aggregate relationships were consistent with the principles of microeconomics.
Iconoclasm
Iconoclasm is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments, most frequently for religious or political reasons. People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts, a term that has come to be figuratively applied to any individual who challenges "cherished beliefs or venerated institutions on the grounds that they are erroneous or pernicious."
Animal Spirits
Animal spirits was a term coined by the famous British economist, John Maynard Keynes, to describe how people arrive at financial decisions, including buying and selling securities, in times of economic stress or uncertainty. In Keynes’s 1936 publication, "The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money," he speaks of animal spirits as the human emotions that affect consumer confidence.
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