Скачать или смотреть GRADIENT PSO-TUNED PID CONTROLLER FOR LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL IN TWO-AREA POWER SYSTEMS (PV AND WIND)

DESIGN DETAILS
Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a vital mechanism in interconnected power systems to maintain system stability by regulating frequency deviations and tie-line power fluctuations. This design presents an optimized Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller design for a two-area power system incorporating photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generation. The controller parameters are finely tuned using Gradient-based Particle Swarm Optimization (GPSO), which combines the global search capability of standard PSO with local gradient information to achieve faster convergence and higher accuracy. The proposed GPSO-tuned PID controller effectively mitigates frequency deviations caused by load disturbances and renewable intermittency. The GPSO algorithm enhances the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by integrating gradient-based local search techniques, thereby improving convergence speed and solution accuracy. The proposed GPSO-based PI controller is tuned to minimize the Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) considering system dynamics such as governor dead-band and generation rate constraints.

Furthermore, the control objective is quantified using the Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) criterion, incorporating system output performance to ensure precise and adaptive regulation. This work underscores the capability of GPSO in optimizing control strategies for modern, renewable-integrated power systems.
ITAE=∫_0^t▒t [∑_(i=1)^(N_area)▒|∆F_i+∆P_(tie,i) | ]dt

REFERENCES
Reference Paper-1: Utilizing Electric Vehicles for LFC in Restructured Power Systems Using Fractional Order Controller
Author’s Name: Sanjoy Debbarma and Arunima Dutta
Source: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Year:2016

Reference Paper-2: Antlion Optimizer-ANFIS Load Frequency Control for Multi-Interconnected Plants Comprising Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine
Author’s Name: Ahmed Fathy and, Ahmed M. Kassem
Source: ISA Transactions
Year:2018

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