Mango Mango & Magpie A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees.[2] Hundreds of definitions of forest are used throughout the world, incorporating factors such as tree density, tree height, land use, legal standing, and ecological function.[3][4][5] The United Nations' Food and Magpies are birds of various species of the family Corvidae. Like other members of their family, they are widely considered to be intelligent creatures. The Eurasian magpie, for instance, is thought to rank among the world's most intelligent creatures,[1][2] and is one of the few nonmammalian species able to recognize itself in a mirror test.[3] Magpies have shown the ability to make and use tools, imitate human speech, grieve, play games, and work in teams.[4] They are particularly well known for their songs and were once popular as cagebirds. In addition to other members of the genus Pica, corvids considered magpies are in the genera Cissa, Urocissa, and Cyanopica.
Magpie
Eurasian magpie
Eurasian magpie
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Superfamily:
Corvoidea
Family:
Corvidae
Groups included
Pica
Urocissa
Cissa
Cyanopica
Magpies of the genus Pica are generally found in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and western North America, with populations also present in Tibet and high-elevation areas of Kashmir. Magpies of the genus Cyanopica are found in East Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. The birds called magpies in Australia are, however, not related to the magpies in the rest of the world.[5]
Name
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References dating back to Old English call the bird a "pie", derived from the Latin pica and cognate to French pie; this term has fallen out of use.[6] The tendency in previous centuries was to give birds common names, such as robin redbreast (which now is called the robin) and jenny wren. The magpie was originally variously maggie pie and mag pie.[7] The term "pica" for the human disorder involving a compulsive desire to eat items that are not food is borrowed from the Latin name of the magpie (Pica pica), for its reputed tendency to feed on miscellaneous things.[8]
Systematics and species
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According to some studies, magpies do not form the monophyletic group they are traditionally believed to be; tails have elongated (or shortened) independently in multiple lineages of corvid birds.[9] Among the traditional magpies, two distinct lineages apparently exist. One consists of Holarctic species with black and white colouration, and is probably closely related to crows and Eurasian jays. The other contains several species from South to East Asia with vivid colouration, which is predominantly green or blue. The azure-winged magpie and the Iberian magpie, formerly thought to constitute a single species with a most peculiar distribution, have been shown to be two distinct species, and are classified as the genus Cyanopica.[10]
Other research has cast doubt on the taxonomy of the Pica magpies, since P. hudsonia and P. nuttalli may not be different species, whereas the Korean race of P. pica is genetically very distinct from the other Eurasian (as well as the North American) forms. Either the North American, Korean, and remaining Eurasian forms are accepted as three or four separate species, or else only a single species, Pica pica, exists.[11]
Holarctic (black-and-white) magpies
Genus Pica
Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia (may be conspecific with P. pica)
Yellow-billed magpie, Pica nuttalli (may be conspecific with P. (pica) hudsonia)
Asir magpie, Pica asirensis (may be conspecific with P. pica)
Maghreb magpie, Pica mauritanica (may be conspecific with P. pica)
Oriental magpie, Pica serica (may be conspecific with P. pica)
Black-rumped magpie. Pica bottanensis (may be conspecific with P. pica)
Oriental (blue and green) magpies
Genus Urocissa
Taiwan blue magpie, Urocissa caerulea
Red-billed blue magpie, Urocissa erythroryncha
Yellow-billed blue magpie, Urocissa flavirostris
White-winged magpie, Urocissa whiteheadi
Sri Lanka blue magpie, Urocissa ornata
Genus Cissa
Common green magpie, Cissa chinensis
Indochinese green magpie, Cissa hypoleuca
Javan green magpie, Cissa thalassina
Bornean green magpie, Cissa jefferyi
Azure-winged magpies
Genus Cyanopica
Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyanus
Iberian magpie, Cyanopica cooki Organization (FAO) defines a forest as,
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