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Ganga Water Treaty Failed With Bangladesh.
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The *Ganga Water Treaty**, signed on **December 12, 1996**, is a bilateral agreement between India and Bangladesh that governs the sharing of the Ganga River’s waters, particularly during the **lean season* (March 11 to May 11) when water levels are low. The treaty was a landmark step in resolving decades of disputes over water allocation, especially around the **Farakka Barrage**, a dam built by India in 1975 to divert water into the Hooghly River to maintain navigability at the Kolkata Port.

Under the treaty:
Both countries agreed to a **30-year water-sharing arrangement**, recognizing Bangladesh’s rights as a lower riparian state.
Water is shared based on availability: if the flow at Farakka is 70,000 cusecs or less, both nations receive equal shares.
A *Joint Rivers Commission* was established to monitor implementation and resolve disputes.

However, the treaty is set to **expire in 2026**, and India has recently pushed for a **renegotiation**, citing increased domestic water demands and ecological concerns like siltation and erosion at the Kolkata Port and water shortages at NTPC power plants. Bangladesh, meanwhile, seeks a larger share of dry-season water to support agriculture and livelihoods.

The upcoming talks are expected to be pivotal, not just for the Ganga, but for broader transboundary water cooperation between the two nations.

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