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Video 1 submited to Protist #59-2009
Molecular phylogeny of noctilucoid dinoflagellates (Noctilucales, Dinophyceae)
Fernando Gómez, David Moreira, and Purificación López-García
The order Noctilucales or classNoctiluciphyceae encompasses three familiesof aberrant
dinoflagellates (Noctilucaceae, Leptodiscaceae and Kofoidiniaceae)that,atleast in some life stages,
lack typical dinoflagellate characters such as the ribbon-like tra nsversal flagellum or condensed
chromosomes. Noctilucas cintillans, the first dinoflagellate to bedescribed,has been intensively
investigated.However,its phylogenetic position based on nthesmallsubunitribosomalDNA
(SSUrDNA)sequenceisunstableandcontroversial. Noctiluca has beenplacedeitherasanearly
diverginglineagethatdivergedafter Oxyrrhis and beforethedinokaryotes-coredinoflagellates-oras
a recentlineagebranchingfromunarmoureddinoflagellatesintheorderGymnodiniales.Sofar,the
lack ofothernoctilucoidsequenceshashamperedtheelucidationoftheirphylogeneticrelationships
to otherdinoflagellates.Furthermore,eventhemonophylyofthenoctilucoidsremaineduncertain.We
havedeterminedSSUrRNAgenesequencesforKofoidiniaceae,thoseofthetype Spatulodinium
(=Gymnodinium) pseudonoctiluca and another Spatulodinium species,aswellasoftwospeciesof
Kofoidinium, andthefirstgenesequenceofLeptodiscaceae,thatof Abedinium (=Leptophyllus)
dasypus. Thesetaxawerecollectedfromtheirtypelocalities,theEnglishChannelandthe
NWMediterraneanSea,respectively.PhylogeneticanalysesplacetheNoctilucalesasamonophyletic
group atabasalpositionclosetoparasitesoftheMarineAlveolateGroupI(MAGI)andtheSyndiniales
(MAGII),beforethecoreofdinokaryoticdinoflagellates,althoughwithmoderatesupport.