Скачать или смотреть Resolving Hibernate 6 / JPA Smallint Update Issues in PostgreSQL

A guide on how to effectively update a smallint column in PostgreSQL using JPA and Hibernate 6, addressing common pitfalls and providing clear solutions.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/74893962/ asked by the user 'Thiago Sayão' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/1900620/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/74899147/ provided by the user 'Jardel Novaes' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/6575847/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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How to Update a Smallint Column in Hibernate 6 with JPA

When working with databases and JPA in a Spring application, you may encounter a problem where updating a smallint column results in a validation error, throwing a SemanticException when booting your application. This issue typically arises when the data type used in the update query does not match the column type in the database, as observed in Hibernate 6. In this post, we'll address how to properly update a smallint column in PostgreSQL with JPA, and offer you clear solutions to minimize frustration.

The Problem

In the scenario described, you're trying to execute an update query in JPA like this:

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This query ceases to work correctly after upgrading to Hibernate version 6.1 and Spring Boot 3 due to a type mismatch. The 1 in the update command is being interpreted as an Integer, while the database expects a short (the type that corresponds to a smallint in PostgreSQL). Consequently, the following error is thrown:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

The column in question is mapped like this in the entity:

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Finding a Solution

To solve this problem, you need to ensure that the value being assigned to the smallint column is explicitly cast to short in your query. One effective way to do this is by using the cast SQL function within your update query. Here's how you can implement this solution:

Updated Query Example

You would modify your update query to look like this:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Key Changes Explained

Use of cast(1 as smallint): This change explicitly tells Hibernate that 1 should be treated as a smallint, so it aligns with the column's type in your PostgreSQL database. Note that using the type short directly might lead to further complications or being rejected altogether.

No Direct Casting in Java: Earlier attempts to cast 1 using (short) 1 within the query caused Hibernate to misinterpret the type. Instead, utilizing the SQL casting capability allows PostgreSQL to handle the conversion properly.

Conclusion

Updating a smallint column in Hibernate 6 and JPA may present challenges, particularly concerning type mismatches after upgrades. By ensuring you use the correct casting methods in your queries, you can avoid common pitfalls and make your code function smoothly. This solution helps bridge compatibility gaps while working with evolving frameworks and database systems.

With this guide, you should now feel empowered to tackle similar issues that may arise when managing your database updates using Hibernate. Happy coding!