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A Faraday cage is a specially designed enclosure made of conducting material, such as metal mesh or metal plates, that blocks external electric fields and electromagnetic radiation. The fundamental idea behind the Faraday cage effect is that when an external electric field interacts with a conductor, the free electrons in the conductor rearrange themselves in such a way as to cancel the effects of the field inside the enclosure. This means that the electric field inside the cage becomes zero, providing protection to any object or person inside.

Faraday cages are widely used in many everyday applications. For example, the metal body of a car acts as a Faraday cage, protecting passengers during lightning strikes. Similarly, sensitive electronic devices are often kept in shielded rooms to prevent electromagnetic interference. Even microwave ovens use a form of Faraday cage to keep microwave radiation from escaping.