Capacitors Explained | Types and Application

🎥 A capacitor, formerly known as a condenser, is a passive electronic component with two terminals that can store electrical charge.

By watching this video, you’ll get the answer to these questions:
What is a capacitor?
What are capacitor types?
What is inside a capacitor?
How does a capacitor work?
What is a polarized capacitor?
How does a capacitor discharge?
What is a non-polarized capacitor?
What do capacitor markings mean?
How does a capacitor store energy?
What are the symbols for capacitors?
What is a capacitance capacitor unit?
What is capacitor application in electronics?
What is the difference between a capacitor and a battery?

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💬 Video Summary:

Capacitor vs Battery
The first difference between them is their energy storage. The second distinction between them is their energy density. And the third main difference between them is the charge and discharge rate.

Capacitor Symbols
As an electrical engineer, you should know capacitors are represented in electrical drawings as shown in this video. We will focus on the polarized and non-polarized capacitors symbols

They always come with two terminals that link the capacitor to the remainder of the circuit. The capacitors symbol is made of two parallel lines that might be flat or curved; the two parallel lines should be close but not touching.

The curved line in the symbol shows that the capacitor is polarized, implying it is most likely an electrolytic capacitor. Please note that the curved line is a negative side and must be connected to the ground, and the flat one is a positive terminal and must be connected to the power.

For the non-polarized symbol, which probably indicates a ceramic capacitor, it doesn’t matter which of the capacitor terminals is connected to the ground or power.

Capacitor Markings
One of the characteristics displayed over the larger capacitors, like electrolytic types, is usually capacitance. The capacitance of the capacitor is measured in the farad unit, abbreviated F.

The other value we usually see on the side of the larger capacitors is the voltage, which is measured in volts, abbreviated V. This voltage value represents the highest voltage that the capacitor can handle.

In the case of smaller capacitors, such as ceramic models, a shorthand notation is printed over the capacitor body consisting of a three-digit number and a letter, where the digits represent the capacitance in pico-farad and the letter indicates the capacitor tolerance.

Capacitor Structure
If you are curious to know what’s inside the capacitors, regardless of shape and size, it consists of two parallel metal plates separated from each other by an insulating material (dielectric).

Capacitor Working Principle
It’s time to connect the capacitor to the battery. Since we have an electrolytic capacitor here, we should configure which terminals of the capacitor should attach to the power or ground.

Once we attach the battery to the capacitor, the electrons on the right side get attracted toward the battery-positive terminal. And then, from the battery's negative terminal, the electrons get repelled and pushed toward the left side.

Since the number of electrons on the left side is more than protons, we consider the left plate negatively charged. And as the number of protons is more than electrons on the right side, the right plate becomes positively charged.

Capacitor Application
What about any fluctuations that may occur in the power supply? It can be deadly to an IC, resulting in the chip turning off abruptly. That’s when a capacitor comes into play to solve this issue.

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⏰ TABLE OF CONTENTS ⏰
00:00 Capacitor vs Battery
00:53 Capacitor Symbols
01:48 Capacitor Markings
03:06 Capacitor Structure
03:46 Capacitor Working Principle
06:56 Capacitor Application Example

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