Скачать или смотреть Problem Based On Drift Velocity

Drift velocity refers to the average speed and direction with which electrons move within a conductor when subjected to an electric field. It's the net velocity, or drift, that electrons exhibit due to the electric field, in addition to their random thermal motion. This directed movement is what constitutes an electric current. 

Here's a more detailed explanation:

Random Motion:

In a conductor, free electrons are constantly moving randomly due to their thermal energy, colliding with other electrons and ions. 

Electric Field Influence:

When an electric field is applied (e.g., by connecting a voltage source), it exerts a force on these free electrons, causing them to accelerate. 

Drifting:

Due to frequent collisions, the electrons don't accelerate indefinitely. Instead, they gradually drift in a direction opposite to the electric field (for negatively charged electrons) with a net, average velocity called drift velocity. 

Average Velocity:

Drift velocity is the average velocity of all the electrons moving within the conductor, not the velocity of a single electron at a specific moment. 

Current:

This directed movement of electrons, caused by the electric field, is what constitutes an electric current. 

In essence, drift velocity is the macroscopic, ordered motion of electrons in a conductor due to an applied electric field, superimposed on their random thermal motion. 
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