Liver Anatomy (Function, Topography, External Structures, Ligaments)

Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:47 The Function of the Liver
2:18 Topography of the Liver
4:22 External Structures of the Liver
7:06 Division of the Liver
7:48 Porta Hepatis
8:37 Coverings of the Liver
10:06 Ligaments Around the Liver

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Liver Function:
- Filter blood coming from digestive tract through the portal system
- Detoxification
- Digestive Function: Produces Bile
- Cholesterole Production
- Storage of fat and glycogen
- Blood sugar regulation

Topography of the Liver (Hepar):
- Holotopy: Right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, and left hypochondriac region.
- Skeletopy:
○ Superior border: Starts at the level of 10th rib, to the level of 5th intercostal space to the 5th intercostal space left to the sternum and ends at 6th intercostal space
○ Inferior border: starts at the 10th rib, goes to the level of 8-9th rib and then continues to the 6th intercostal space
○ Posteriorly: T9-T11
- Syntopy:
○ Superior border: Diaphragmatic Surface
○ Inferior border: Visceral surface
§ Pylorus of the stomach, Colon, Duodenum, Right kidney, Stomach, Esophagus

External Surface of the Liver:
- Anterior Liver:
○ Falciform Ligament (ligamentum falciforme)
○ Right lobe and left lobe
○ Inferior margin (margo inferior)
- Posterior Liver:
○ Posterior margin (margo posterior)
○ Bare Area (area nuda)
○ Right Sagittal Groove (sulcus sagittalis dexter) formed by groove for inferior vena cava (sulcus v. cavae) and fossa for the gall bladder (fossa vesicae biliaris)
○ Left Sagittal Groove (Sulcus Sagittalis sinister)
○ Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)
○ Venous Ligament of the Liver (Ligamentum venosum)
○ Transverse Groove (Porta Hepatis)

Division of the Liver:
- Lobes of the Liver (Anatomical division of the liver):
○ Right Lobe
○ Left Lobe
○ Caudate Lobe
○ Quadrate Lobe
- Couinaud classification of liver (Surgical Classification)

Porta Hepatis:
- Common Hepatic Duct
- Hepatic Portal Vein
- Proper Hepatic Artery
- Hepatic Plexus
- Hepatic Lymph Nodes
- Hepatoduodenal Ligament (lig. hepatoduodenale)

Coverings of the Liver:
- Tunica Fibrosa
- Visceral Peritoneum (Tunica Serosa)

Ligaments around the Liver:
- Ligaments towards the diaphragm
○ Falciform Ligament (Lig. Falciforme Hepatis)
○ Coronary Ligament (Lig. Coronarium Hepatis)
○ Right Triangular Ligament (Lig. Triangulare Dexter)
○ Left Traingular Ligament (Lig. Triangulare Sinister)
- Ligaments towards organs:
○ Hepatogastric Ligament (Lig. hepatogastricum)
○ Hepatoduodenal Ligament (Lig. Hepatoduodenale)
○ Hepatorenal Ligament (Lig. Hepatorenale)
○ Round Ligament of the Liver (Lig. Teres Hepatis)

Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures