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Malinowski – student of Frazer and Saligman – inventor of cultural functionalism.
Did fieldwork on Trobriand islanders of Pacific Ocean (1912 - 1915) and published following classic works:-
1. Argonauts of western pacific.
2. Tribes and customs in the savage society.
3. Coral gardens and their magic etc.
According To Malinowski, the parts of the culture are traits and the institutions, and to chalk out the cultural functionalism he used the following premises:-
Culture is an integrated totality.
Within a particular culture a particular trait functions because it has to survive. Several traits combine and constitute an institution – which is more permanent than a trait.
Every institution performs functions due to the survival values. One institution combines with other institutions to perform various functions.
An institution works as a small unit for the fulfillment of individual human needs. A culture that is the totality of several institutions acts as a layer, for the accomplishment of human needs.
To achieve the functioning of the society the different institutions integrate, this is called the functional integration of the society.
Analysis of an institution:-
Each institution has a structure as shown in the following figure:-

Charter is the statement that justifies the existence of an institution- defines the aims of the institution.
Norms: rules governing the institution.
Personnel: the people who follow the norm.
Material apparatus: the material items that are required – enforcing the belief system and ideals.
Activities: the range of actual behavior patterns confirming or deviating from norms.
Function: they are the output of the activities.
It means that people adhere to the charter; with the help of the material apparatus, they perform the activities in accordance with the rules to fulfill the needs of society.
Social needs:-
According To Malinowski culture satisfies 3 types of needs:-
Biological or primary needs.
Derived or secondary needs.
Integrative or synthetic needs.