Скачать или смотреть Hardness,Toughness and Strength of Material,Materials in Elasticity in Hindi

Mechanical properties of materials in hindi (हिंदी) || Elasticity || plasticity || Hardness in hindi
1. Strength
Definition: The ability of a material to withstand an applied load without permanent deformation or failure. It is a measure of the maximum stress a material can endure before it yields (begins to deform permanently) or breaks.
Yield Strength: The stress level at which a material starts to deform plastically (permanently).
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS): The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking and fracture.
Measurement: Typically measured in MegaPascals (MPa) or GigaPascals (GPa) using Tensile Testing.
2. Hardness
Definition: A material's resistance to surface deformation, such as scratching, indentation, or abrasion. It focuses on how well a material can resist localized damage from a sharp object or friction.
Key Characteristic: Hard materials like diamond are excellent for cutting tools but are often brittle and can shatter under heavy impact.
Common Tests:
Rockwell: Measures depth of indentation.
Vickers/Brinell: Uses standardized indenters to measure surface resistance.
Mohs Scale: A qualitative scale (1-10) for scratch resistance.
3. Toughness
Definition: The ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform before fracturing. It is essentially a combination of both strength and ductility (the ability to stretch).
Key Characteristic: Tough materials can withstand sudden impacts or shocks without shattering. For example, rubber is very tough (absorbs energy) but not hard (easy to scratch), while glass is hard but not tough (shatters easily).
Graph Representation: In a stress-strain curve, toughness is represented by the total area under the curve until fracture.
Measurement: Measured using impact tests like the Charpy or Izod tests.