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Oil palm developments in peat land need to emphasize an effective water management in order to have optimum and sustainable oil palm productivity and also peat conservation. The effective water management is conducted by drainage through canals to reduce water level and provide appropriate space for palm roots. The aims of the effective water management are to: 1) maintain an optimum and suitable water level for oil palm growth and productivity; 2) drain the excess water and avoid longer flood periods; 3) minimize peat subsidence; 4) restrict CO 2 emissions; 5) avoid peat drought at upper layer; and 6) avoid the risk of peat burnt. Normally, the best water level management is around 40-60 cm from peat surface (measurement with piezometer). This water level will result higher oil palm productivity (about 15%), restricted CO 2 emissions up to 18%, and also maintain the moisture of the upper peat layer. Inappropriate water management usually leads to problems such as dry symptom on lower oil palm fronds, caused by too low ground water levels. The application of an effective water management will prevent drought problems at oil palm fronds, especially in dry seasons. ( Eko Noviandi Ginting & Nuzul Hijri Darlan, 2019)