Скачать или смотреть Smoke, Gas or Ash?

Volcanic Smoke:
Volcanic smoke primarily consists of fine particles of ash mixed with gases like sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor. This mixture creates a dense, often dark plume that can rise high into the atmosphere. Smoke can obscure sunlight, affecting weather patterns and air travel.

Volcanic Gas:
Volcanic gases include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and other volatile compounds. These gases can have severe environmental and health impacts. For instance, sulphur dioxide can lead to acid rain, while carbon dioxide in large amounts can cause asphyxiation. Gases often travel great distances from the eruption site, affecting global climate by contributing to atmospheric cooling.

Volcanic Ash:
Volcanic ash consists of tiny fragments of volcanic rock and glass, created during explosive eruptions. Ash clouds can spread over vast areas, disrupting air travel and infrastructure. Ash can cause respiratory issues, contaminate water supplies, and damage machinery due to its abrasive nature. It settles relatively quickly compared to gases but can still have long-term environmental effects.

In summary, while volcanic smoke is a visible combination of gases and ash, volcanic gases primarily affect air quality and climate, and volcanic ash poses immediate physical hazards to health, aviation, and infrastructure.
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