Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis| Drug Tolerance| Drug Tachyphylaxis| Pharmacology| Made Easy

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Tolerance and tachyphylaxis are terms often use inter changeably. Tolerance is basically, an acquired resistance to a drug, after prolong administration of that drug. It also refers to, requirement of high dose of drug to produce a given response, because, normal dose don't show it effect when tolerance developed.
There are three main mechanisms that are responsible for tolerance.
increased metabolism.
increased drug excretion.
decrease intestinal absorption.
Tolerance can also occur due to, desensitization or down regulation of receptors, that decrease the sensitivity, of that particular receptor. Tolerance can also occur, by the process of, enzyme induction, and, due to homeo-static response. Tolerance can be reversible, as we can achieve desired response by increasing the dose of drug.
Almost every addicting drug mainly produce tolerance, which includes.
opioids, amphetamine, and, some central nervous system depressants, like, sedative and hypnotics.

Tachyphylaxis, is defined as, rapid decrease in drug response, after few doses of drug, over a short period of time. It is basically, an acute form of, acquired tolerance, occurring within a few minutes. And, probably occur, due to, transient saturation of cell receptors with drug, and, increasing the dose, can’t produce the same effect.
Dis-appearance of hyper-tensive effect of tyramine, which is released, and, displaces nor-adrenaline from adrenergic neurons, is an example of tachyphylaxis.

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