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Why France Shaved Women’s Heads After Liberation (WW2)

Shaved Heads of Women in the Streets After Nazi Occupation

In the summer of 1944, as Allied forces liberated France, a wave of jubilation swept the country. But behind the celebrations, a darker chapter was beginning. After four years of Nazi occupation and the collaborationist Vichy regime, the French people demanded justice—and revenge.

This documentary explores the Épuration légale (legal purge) and the Épuration sauvage (wild purge) that followed the liberation. We uncover the chaotic first weeks where thousands of suspected collaborators were executed without trial and women accused of "horizontal collaboration" were publicly humiliated as tondues (shaved women).

The story then moves to the courtrooms of the provisional government under Charles de Gaulle, where the Republic attempted to replace mob violence with the rule of law. We examine the high-profile trials of Vichy leaders like Pierre Laval and Joseph Darnand, executed for treason, and the fate of Marshal Pétain.

Beyond the headlines, we look at the hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens investigated for economic collaboration, informing, and membership in the Milice. Discover the unique sentence of dégradation nationale (national indignité) which stripped citizens of their rights without imprisonment.

Finally, we trace the controversial Amnesty Laws of 1951 and 1953, which allowed former collaborators to return to public life, effectively burying the past for decades. Was the purge a necessary act of national cleansing, or a flawed process that prioritized stability over justice?

From the streets of Paris to the archives of the Haute Cour de Justice, this is the complex, painful history of how France judged itself.

00:00 Chapter 1 - The Liberation’s Reckoning
07:27 Chapter 2 - Justice Rebuilt
14:55 Chapter 3 - Trials of the Collaborators
22:24 Chapter 4 - The Weight of Numbers
29:34 Chapter 5 - Amnesty and Forgetting
36:30 Chapter 6 - Humiliation and Revenge
43:38 Chapter 7 - The Unfinished Verdict

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