Скачать или смотреть Carcinoid heart disease

Carcinoid heart disease occurs in up to 60% of patients with carcinoid syndrome
Part of the classic "carcinoid triad" along with: Flushing; Diarrhea; Cardiac involvement

Cardiac Characteristics
Predominantly right-sided cardiac involvement
Affects tricuspid and pulmonary valves
Characterized by plaque-like fibrous tissue deposits on valve endocardium
Left-sided cardiac involvement is rare (mitral and aortic valves typically unaffected)
Tricuspid valve regurgitation is most common (occurs in ~90% of cardiac cases)
Can also present with:
Tricuspid valve stenosis
Pulmonary valve regurgitation or stenosis
Potential for intramyocardial carcinoid metastases leading to cardiac dysrhythmias

Pathophysiology
Caused by hormones, mediators, and biogenic amines secreted by carcinoid tumors
Substances from liver metastases do not reach left heart due to pulmonary metabolism
More than 50% of carcinoid deaths result from cardiac failure

Carcinoid Tumor Characteristics
Slow-growing, typically benign
Often originate in small intestine
Capable of metastasis
Generally have a good prognosis