Vulvar Cancer Causes and Symptoms | Dr.Muthieni Rajini

Vulvar cancer is a rare form of cancer that primarily affects the external genitalia of women, particularly the vulva. The exact cause of vulvar cancer is not entirely clear, but certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. These include advanced age (women over 65 are more at risk), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, smoking, a history of cervical precancer or cancer, and a weakened immune system. Chronic inflammatory conditions of the vulva, such as lichen sclerosis, may also contribute to an increased risk.
Early symptoms of vulvar cancer can be subtle and easily overlooked, making it crucial for women to be attentive to any changes in their genital area. Common symptoms include persistent itching, burning, or pain in the vulva. Other signs include the appearance of a lump, open sore, or thickened skin on the vulva that does not heal. Bleeding or unusual discharge unrelated to menstruation, and changes in the color or texture of the skin, such as warty growths, are also indicators of vulvar cancer. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may intensify, causing pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
The treatment of vulvar cancer typically depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Surgery is the most common treatment and may involve removing the tumor, a portion of the vulva (partial vulvectomy), or the entire vulva (radical vulvectomy), depending on the cancer’s extent. Lymph nodes may also be removed if the cancer has spread. Radiation therapy is often used post-surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, and chemotherapy may be employed in more advanced cases.

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