Скачать или смотреть 3D Diencephalon Embryology - Prosencephalon Part 1 - Neuroembryology Part 10

In this lecture, Dr. Aizaz from MedicoVisual talks about Development of Diencephalon structures. Diencephalon is a part of Prosencephalon.

The lecture begins with a review of neural tube development, focusing on the formation of primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain). The rhombencephalon divides into metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata).

The prosencephalon further divides into two parts: the inner diencephalon and the outer telencephalon. The central canal of the neural tube forms various ventricles, including the third ventricle in the diencephalon and lateral ventricles in the telencephalon, connected by the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro).

The lecture then focuses on the development of the diencephalon. The alar plate, a dorsal aggregation of neuroblasts, surrounds the third ventricle and forms the main structures of the diencephalon. The basal plate in this region is believed to be regressed or absent.

The alar plate of the diencephalon differentiates into four main regions:

1. Epithalamus: Forms the habenular nuclei, habenular commissure, pineal gland, and posterior commissure.
2. Thalamus: The largest part, developing into various thalamic nuclei.
3. Subthalamus: Located below the thalamus.
4. Hypothalamus: Forms in the floor plate region.

As development progresses, the right and left thalami grow larger and become interconnected by the interthalamic adhesion. The third ventricle takes on a biconvex shape due to the growth of the thalami. Geniculate bodies also develop from the thalamic region: the lateral geniculate body (related to vision) and the medial geniculate body (related to hearing).

The lecture emphasizes that structures related to vision, including the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract, also develop from the diencephalon. The development of these structures is briefly reviewed, connecting it to previous lectures on eye embryology.

The importance of the pretectal nuclei in the pupillary light reflex is discussed. These nuclei receive light information from the optic tract and send signals to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which then innervates the pupillary constrictor muscles via the oculomotor nerve. The posterior commissure connects the right and left pretectal nuclei, allowing for the consensual pupillary light reflex.

The lecture concludes with a summary of the structures derived from the diencephalon and their basic functions:

1. Eye-related structures (retina, optic nerve, etc.)
2. Thalamus (including thalamic nuclei and metathalamus)
3. Epithalamus (habenula, pineal gland, posterior commissure)
4. Hypothalamus (hypothalamic nuclei and posterior pituitary)
5. Subthalamus (functionally related to basal ganglia)

The lecturer emphasizes the importance of the hypothalamus in controlling various bodily functions, despite its small size. The development of the pituitary gland is mentioned as the topic for the next lecture.

Throughout the lecture, the speaker uses visual aids and 3D animations to illustrate the complex developmental processes and anatomical relationships of the diencephalon and its derivatives.

Chapters:
00:00:00 Introduction and Overview of Neural Tube Development
00:09:20 Formation and Structure of Diencephalon
00:12:24 Development of Diencephalon Derivatives
00:21:37 Visual Pathway and Pretectal Nuclei
00:28:20 Summary and Review of Diencephalon Development