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📘 What are Conditional Sentences?
A conditional sentence is a sentence that talks about a condition (something that must happen first) and a result (what happens if the condition is true).

👉 In simple words:
If this happens, then that happens.

Example:

If it rains, we will stay home.
(condition: it rains, result: we stay home)

⚡ Structure of Conditional Sentences
Most conditional sentences use the word "if".
They usually have two parts:

If-clause (condition part)

Main clause (result part)

Example:

If you study, you will pass.
(If-clause = If you study, Main clause = you will pass)

📝 Types of Conditional Sentences
There are 4 main types of conditionals in English:

1️⃣ Zero Conditional (Facts / General Truths)
Used for things that are always true (facts, rules, laws of nature).

Structure: If + Present Simple, Present Simple

Example:

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

If you don’t water plants, they die.

2️⃣ First Conditional (Real Future)
Used for real and possible situations in the future.

Structure: If + Present Simple, will + Verb

Example:

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3️⃣ Second Conditional (Unreal / Imaginary Present or Future)
Used for imaginary or unlikely situations.

Structure: If + Past Simple, would + Verb

Example:

If I had a car, I would drive to work. (But I don’t have a car)

If she were rich, she would travel the world. (But she is not rich)

4️⃣ Third Conditional (Unreal Past)
Used for imaginary situations in the past (things that didn’t happen).

Structure: If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle

Example:

If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (But I didn’t study)

If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train. (But they didn’t)

🔑 Quick Comparison
Type If-Clause Example Main Clause Example Meaning
Zero Conditional If you heat ice it melts. Fact / Truth
First Conditional If you study hard you will pass. Real Future
Second Conditional If I won the lottery I would buy a house. Unreal Present/Future
Third Conditional If I had studied I would have passed. Unreal Past
✅ Summary:
Conditional sentences = If + Condition → Result

Zero = Facts

First = Real Future

Second = Unreal Present / Future

Third = Unreal Past




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