A1.1 Water Unity and diversity—Molecules

A1.1.1—Water as the medium for life
A1.1.2—Hydrogen bonds as a consequence of the polar covalent bonds within water molecules
A1.1.3—Cohesion of water molecules due to hydrogen bonding and consequences for organisms
A1.1.4—Adhesion of water to materials that are polar or charged and impacts for organisms
A1.1.5—Solvent properties of water linked to its role as a medium for metabolism and for transport in plants and animals
A1.1.6—Physical properties of water and the consequences for animals in aquatic habitats
A1.1.7—Extraplanetary origin of water on Earth and reasons for its retention
A1.1.8—Relationship between the search for extraterrestrial life and the presence of water