Скачать или смотреть Risk factors for preterm labor

Demographic and Reproductive Factors:
Previous Preterm Birth: Strongest predictor, suggests genetic predisposition and underlying structural vulnerabilities
Racial Disparities: Non-Hispanic Black women at highest risk due to complex genetic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access interactions
Multiple Gestation: Significantly increases risk through uterine distension, inflammatory markers, and mechanical cervical stress

Medical Conditions:
Maternal Health: Diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and autoimmune diseases cause chronic inflammation and vascular dysfunction
Anatomical Factors: Abnormal uterine/cervical anatomy and previous cervical procedures compromise structural integrity and protective mechanisms

Lifestyle and Environmental:
Substance Use: Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs disrupt placental blood flow and cause oxidative stress
Nutritional Factors: Extreme BMI and nutritional deficiencies alter inflammatory responses and placental function

Additional Risk Factors:
Extremes of maternal age
Low socioeconomic status
Short interpregnancy interval
Trauma
Abdominal surgery during pregnancy