Скачать или смотреть ACID Properties EXPLAINED: Master Database Transactions for Robust Systems

ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) are fundamental principles guaranteeing reliable database transactions, ensuring data integrity and system stability even during concurrent operations or system failures. Atomicity dictates that a transaction is an indivisible unit; either all its operations complete successfully via a `COMMIT`, or none do via a `ROLLBACK`, preventing partial updates like a failed bank transfer. Consistency ensures that a transaction moves the database from one valid state to another, always preserving defined rules, constraints, and data integrity (e.g., never allowing a negative account balance). Isolation guarantees that concurrent transactions execute independently without interfering with each other, mitigating issues like dirty reads or non-repeatable reads through mechanisms like Read Committed or Serializable isolation levels. Durability ensures that once a transaction is successfully `COMMITTED`, its changes are permanent and persist even through system crashes or power outages, often utilizing transaction logs or write-ahead logging (WAL) in systems like MySQL or PostgreSQL. Understanding ACID is crucial for robust database design and effective transaction management in any relational database management system (RDBMS) like Oracle or SQL Server, forming the bedrock of database reliability.

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