Скачать или смотреть 10 Significant Breakthroughs in Biology

Biology is essential for understanding the living world, and several key discoveries have significantly advanced the field. Notable breakthroughs include antibiotics (1928) for fighting bacterial infections, gel electrophoresis (1931) for DNA separation, and the discovery of DNA's structure (1952-1953). Other important developments are DNA polymerase (1956) for DNA replication, reverse transcriptase (1970) for converting viral RNA into DNA, and restriction enzymes (1970) for DNA cutting. The polymerase chain reaction (1983) allows rapid DNA amplification, while gene therapy (1990) modifies genes for disease treatment. RNA interference (1998) regulates gene expression, and CRISPR-Cas9 (2012) enables precise genome editing.