Loop Diuretics - Mechanism of Action by Dr. Nikita| Loop Diuretics Mechanism of Action

A detailed video on the mechanism of action of loop diuretics and their pharmacological actions
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Loop diuretics are a class of medications commonly used to treat conditions such as edema and hypertension. Here are the five steps that describe the mechanism of action of loop diuretics:

Inhibition of sodium-potassium-chloride (NKCC2) transporter: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumetanide, inhibit the NKCC2 transporter located in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This transporter is responsible for reabsorbing sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the urine back into the blood.

Decreased reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride: By inhibiting the NKCC2 transporter, loop diuretics prevent the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the urine. This increases the concentration of these ions in the urine, leading to increased urine output.

Decreased water reabsorption: The increased concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the urine also creates an osmotic gradient that draws water out of the blood vessels and into the urine. This further increases urine output and reduces the volume of fluid in the body.

Potassium and hydrogen ion excretion: Loop diuretics also stimulate the excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions in the urine, which can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and metabolic alkalosis (elevated blood pH).

Therapeutic effects: By increasing urine output and reducing fluid volume in the body, loop diuretics can help to treat conditions such as edema, heart failure, and hypertension. However, these medications should be used with caution in patients with electrolyte imbalances or kidney disease.