How to convert 2D House to 3D House Modelling in AutoCAD

Converting a 2D house plan into a 3D model in AutoCAD involves several steps, including creating the walls, doors, windows, roof, and other features. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through this process:

Step 1: Prepare Your 2D Drawing
Open Your 2D Drawing:

Launch AutoCAD and open your 2D house plan drawing.
Set Units and Layers:

Ensure your drawing units are set correctly by typing UNITS in the command line.
Organize your drawing using layers for different elements (e.g., walls, doors, windows).
Step 2: Create the Walls
Draw Polylines for Walls:

Use the POLYLINE command to trace the outer and inner walls from your 2D plan.
Ensure all polylines are closed.
Extrude the Walls:

Select the polylines for the walls.
Use the EXTRUDE command to give them height (e.g., 3000 mm for standard wall height).
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Command: EXTRUDE
Select objects: (Select the wall polylines)
Specify height of extrusion: (Enter the desired wall height, e.g., 3000)
Step 3: Create Openings for Doors and Windows
Draw Rectangles for Openings:

Use the RECTANGLE command to draw rectangles where the doors and windows will be.
Position Rectangles on Walls:

Ensure the rectangles are placed accurately on the walls at the correct heights.
Extrude the Rectangles:

Use the EXTRUDE command to extrude the rectangles through the walls.
Subtract Openings from Walls:

Use the SUBTRACT command to subtract the extruded rectangles from the walls, creating the openings.
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Command: SUBTRACT
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract from: (Select the walls)
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract: (Select the extruded rectangles)
Step 4: Create Doors and Windows
Create Door and Window Blocks:

Use basic 3D shapes like boxes and cylinders to model doors and windows.
Combine them into blocks using the BLOCK command for easy placement.
Insert Door and Window Blocks:

Use the INSERT command to place the door and window blocks into the openings.
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Command: INSERT
Specify insertion point: (Place the door/window block in the opening)
Step 5: Create the Roof
Draw the Roof Outline:

Use the POLYLINE command to draw the outline of the roof on the top of the walls.
Extrude or Use Solid Editing Commands:

Depending on the roof type, you can EXTRUDE, SWEEP, or use LOFT to create the roof shape.
Adjust Roof Slope:

Use the 3DROTATE command to adjust the slope of the roof if needed.
Step 6: Add Floors and Ceilings
Create Floor Slabs:

Use the POLYLINE command to outline the floor slab.
Use the EXTRUDE command to give the floor slab a thickness (e.g., 150 mm).
Create Ceiling Slabs:

Similar to the floor slabs, draw the outline and extrude it to create the ceiling.
Step 7: Add Interior Details
Furniture and Fixtures:
Use blocks or model simple 3D shapes to represent furniture and fixtures.
Place them appropriately within the house model.
Step 8: Apply Materials and Finishes
Open Materials Browser:

Type MATERIALS to open the Materials Browser.
Assign Materials:

Drag and drop materials onto different parts of the model (e.g., walls, roof, floor).
Adjust Material Properties:

Customize materials by adjusting their properties like color, texture, and reflectivity.
Step 9: Set Up Lighting and Camera
Add Lights:

Use POINTLIGHT, SPOTLIGHT, and DISTANTLIGHT commands to add lighting.
Place Camera:

Use the CAMERA command to place a camera in your scene.
Adjust the camera settings to get the best view of your model.
Step 10: Render the Model
Open Render Settings:

Type RENDER to open the Render Settings palette.
Adjust Render Settings:

Set the output resolution, render quality, and background.
Render the Model:

Click the render button to start rendering.
Save the rendered image once it’s complete.
Example Commands Workflow
Draw and Extrude Walls:

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Command: POLYLINE
(Draw the wall outlines)

Command: EXTRUDE
Select objects: (Select wall outlines)
Specify height of extrusion: (Enter wall height, e.g., 3000)
Create and Subtract Openings:

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Command: RECTANGLE
(Draw the openings for doors and windows)

Command: EXTRUDE
Select objects: (Select the rectangles)
Specify height of extrusion: (Enter extrusion height to go through the walls)

Command: SUBTRACT
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract from: (Select walls)
Select solids, surfaces, and regions to subtract: (Select extruded rectangles)
Insert Doors and Windows:

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Command: INSERT
Specify insertion point: (Place door/window blocks in the openings)
Create Roof:

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Command: POLYLINE
(Draw the roof outline)

Command: EXTRUDE / SWEEP / LOFT
(Create the roof shape and adjust slope if needed)
Render:

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Command: RENDER
(Adjust settings and render the model)
By following these steps, you can convert a 2D house plan into a detailed 3D model in AutoCAD. Practice and familiarity with the tools will help you complete this process more efficiently over time.