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“Sunspots and Climate Change”
by Allison Brooks and Melissa Pasierb
A sunspot is a place on the photosphere that is cooler than the areas around it and this causes it to appear darker. The sun is made up of hot gases and is not a solid mass therefore the different layers and latitudes rotate at different velocities. The convection and movement of this fluid, which has charged particles, causes many different magnetic fields on the surface of the sun. Astronomer Heinrich Schwabe noticed a pattern in the fluctuations of the quantity of sunspots over an 11 year period. The 11-year cycle refers to periods of maximum and minimum solar output. While the solar cycle can have an effect on temperatures it is a very small effect. There are people that claim climate change is the result of these naturally occurring solar cycles. One such individual is Joe Bastardi: the chief forecaster at weather bell with a bachelor’s degree in meteorology. Bastardi does not dispute that the climate is warming but he believes that it is a natural warming caused by the solar cycle. Modeling of the Earth’s temperatures with increased solar output, the data of current maxims and minimums, and the data we have on carbon emission’s link with climate change disproves his argument.