Скачать или смотреть Cinder Cone volcano

"Did you know cinder cones are the simplest and most common type of volcano?"
Cinder cone volcanoes are simple, cone-shaped volcanoes formed from solidified lava fragments, called cinders or scoria.
They are ejected during eruptions.
Scoria or cinder is a pyroclastic, that is highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air
Cinder cone volcanoes are also known as Scoria cone volcanoes
They are the most widespread and smallest types of volcanoes.
with a bowl-shaped crater at the top and on the sides.

Characteristics
They have gentle slopes, and the summit is cone-shaped.
They are symmetrical in shape.
They have a height of 300-1200 ft, which is low compared to other volcanoes.
Cinder cone volcanoes are made up of igneous rocks.
They have one opening or vent from which the lava flows out.
Cinder cone volcanoes build up over months or even years.

Stages of a cinder cone volcano
The formation of cinder cones is initiated due to the accumulation of finer particles around volcanic vents in the form of a tiny mound
The size of the cone gradually increases due to the continuous accumulation of volcanic materials minus lava.
They are formed stepwise
An explosive eruption from gas rapidly expands and escapes from molten lava.
The cone forms due to cinders falling back into the cone.
Then, a final explosion takes place, leaving a funnel-shaped crater on top of the cone.
Lastly, molten magma and rocks pour out of the surface, and lava flows down the slopes.
Lava doesn't generally flow from the top of the cinder; instead, it comes out of the side vents.
Cinder cone volcanoes are, on average, less susceptible to erosion and hence they maintain their original form for hundreds of years, provided they are not destroyed by ensuing explosions.

There are mainly two types of lava eruptions in cinder cone volcanoes. They are-
1. Basaltic lava
It has low viscosity (resistance to flow) due to its low silica content.
They are dark-coloured basalt, rich in iron and magnesium.
Basaltic lava flows quickly and easily.
Basaltic lava allows volcanic gases to escape without generating an enormous eruption.
Basaltic lavas are thin and very fluid when they erupt.
The temperature of basaltic lava is 1832 to 2282 degrees Fahrenheit.

2. Andesitic lava
The temperature of andesitic lava is 1742 to 2192 degrees Fahrenheit.
Also known as acidic lava, they are highly viscous with a high melting point.
They flow slowly and generally travel a shorter distance before solidifying because of the high percentage of silica.
They are light-coloured and have low density.
They cause massive explosions and are inherently destructive.

Some examples of Cinder Cone Volcanoes are
Amboy Crater, California
Hverfjall Volcano and Crater
Mount Bromo volcano, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia