Скачать или смотреть Pliocene mystery | why deserts in African Sahel and Eurasia were much greener 3 million years ago

This talk in Malayalam discussing a latest publication answering questions associated to Pliocene mystery. The team focused on the climate of the Pliocene, over 3 million years ago, the last time Earth has seen concentrations of over 400 PPM CO2 in the atmosphere, similar to today's concentrations. The Pliocene prompts a long-standing question: despite the similarity to the present-day, why were dry areas like the Sahel in Africa and Northern China much wetter and greener in the Pliocene than they are today?
Citation: Feng, et al (2022). Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth system feedbacks. Nature Communications, 2022; 13 (1) https://www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
As human-caused greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise beyond limits for what our species has experienced, researchers are looking to a mystery in the past to answer questions about what may lay ahead.
This work, published in Nature Communications by an international team of scientists, is part of a project called the 2nd Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, or PlioMIP2.
The Pliocene was warmer than present-day conditions by 2 to 3°C, and everything we know about the physics of the climate system suggests the Pliocene should have been drier in the subtropics. This study was motivated by a desire to understand this apparent discrepancy and see whether there are processes that can account for wetter Pliocene subtropics.
The answer, the researchers found, is more complex than simply looking at CO2. Evidence from the geologic record – which includes a wide variety of sedimentary and paleobotanical indicators of past climate – show that the Sahel and subtropical Eurasian regions were once home to lusher landscapes with drastically different hydroclimates. Along with proxy data, the team utilized a suite of the latest state-of-the-art model simulations to identify the factors responsible for subtropical rainfall changes in the Pliocene.
Previous studies suggest the only explanation for the Pliocene discrepancy was that there must be some mechanism unaccounted for in models to explain the Pliocene. However, to their surprise, the researchers found that current generation models perform well at simulating wet conditions on Pliocene subtropical continents.
Researchers discovered the hydroclimate in the dry areas like the Sahel and subtropical East Asia get much wetter when we prescribed vegetation and ice sheet changes in the Pliocene simulations. This study explains a new perspective when studying hydrological cycle responses to CO2 changes: long-term changes in terrestrial conditions like the shifting range of the biomes and the ice sheets are important. Continental greening and ice sheet retreat have profound impacts on the surface temperature through lowering the surface albedo – the ability of the Earth’s surface to reflect sunlight back to space – and a profound effect on the hydrological cycle through allowing for greater evaporation and altering paths of moisture transport. In the long run, there’s much bigger change in hydrological cycle, compared to what we are anticipating today, Currently, few of these changes is considered when predicting climate conditions for the next 10 years, or next 50 years.
This is cause for concern because changes in the Earth system’s hydrological cycle will mean places already receiving excessive amounts of summer rainfall such as Southeastern Asia, Northern India, and West Africa, are going to see even more summer rainfall as continental greening increases and the ice sheets continue to recede.
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