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Discover how to effectively `rebase` your Git branches and remove unwanted changes with step-by-step guidance.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/74354051/ asked by the user 'André Walker' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/8856587/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/74354223/ provided by the user 'camh' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/23744/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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How to Rebase a Git Branch and Remove Changes from an Old One

Version control is an essential part of any developer's toolkit, allowing you to manage changes in your codebase efficiently. However, situations arise where you may want to remove unwanted changes from a branch, especially if you've ended up with messy commit history. One common scenario is when you need to rebase a branch onto another while eliminating changes introduced by another problematic branch. In this guide, we’ll explore how to effectively achieve that with Git.

The Problem

Imagine you have the following commit structure in your Git repository:

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In this structure:

master is the main branch with commits A and B.

bad-branch has additional commits C and D that you do not want to retain in my-branch (which contains commits E and F).

Your goal is to have my-branch look like this after the rebase:

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You attempted to rebase my-branch onto master, but upon pushing to the repository, it inadvertently merged with bad-branch, bringing back all unwanted changes. Here’s how to avoid this problem effectively.

The Solution

To rebase your changes correctly and remove the unwanted commits, follow these steps:

Step 1: Checkout Your Branch

Before rebasing, ensure you are on the branch you want to modify. You can do this by checking out the branch with the following command:

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Step 2: Rebase Using --onto Flag

The key to successfully rebasing your branch is utilizing the --onto flag in Git. This allows you to specify a starting point for the rebase operation. You can rebase the top two commits of my-branch onto master using the following command:

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In this command:

master is the new base branch you are rebasing onto.

@~2 means “the current branch minus the last two commits,” which corresponds to the commits you want to remove (C and D from bad-branch).

Step 3: Using Bad Branch as a Ref (Optional)

Instead of counting commits, another straightforward method is to use the name of the bad branch as a reference point:

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This effectively tells Git to rebase all commits above bad-branch onto master and helps eliminate the undesirable commits too.

Step 4: Push Your Changes

After successful rebasing, it’s important to push your changes. Since you’ve changed your commit history, you’ll need to force push to update the remote branch:

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Conclusion

By following these steps, you can successfully rebase your Git branch onto another while removing unwanted changes. This not only makes your commit history cleaner but also helps in maintaining a more manageable project development environment.

Feel free to experiment with these methods and assess which one works best for your workflow. Happy coding!