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The main types of unemployment typically recognized are:

Cyclical Unemployment: Caused by economic downturns when demand for goods and services falls, leading to job losses. It fluctuates with the business cycle and can be medium-term, affected by recessions and recoveries.

Structural Unemployment: Occurs when workers' skills do not match available jobs due to changes like technological advances or industrial shifts. It often requires retraining and can be longer-term.

Frictional Unemployment: Results from people voluntarily changing jobs, entering the workforce, or searching for new jobs. It is usually short-term and considered a natural part of a healthy economy.

Additional types include:

Seasonal Unemployment: When jobs are only available during certain times of the year, such as in agriculture or tourism.

Disguised Unemployment: More workers are employed than needed, common in sectors like agriculture, especially in some developing countries.

Technological Unemployment: A subtype of structural unemployment caused by automation or new technologies replacing workers.

Long-term Unemployment: When a person remains unemployed for an extended period, typically over 12 months.

Classical or Real Wage Unemployment: Occurs when wage levels are too high for employers to hire more workers.

Underemployment: People work fewer hours than they want or in jobs that do not use their skills fully.

Voluntary Unemployment: When people choose not to work at prevailing wage rates.

Institutional Unemployment: Due to labor market policies, regulations, or institutions affecting employment levels.

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