Anatomy Of Earthworm

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EARTHWORM:
Earthworm is a reddish brown terrestrial invertebrate found in the upper layer of moist soil rich in decaying organic matter usually in gardens, they can be traced by their faecal deposits known as worm casting.
During day time, they live in burrows made by boring and swallowing the soil, during night times they come out of their burrows in search of food, reproduction and exploring fresh habitat.
The common Indian earth worms are Pheretima and Lumbricus.
Morphology of Earthworm:
Shape: Earthworm have long cylindrical body which is slightly pointed in front and blunt behind.
Segmentation: The body is divided into linear row of 100 to 120 similar segments or metameres.
The dorsal surface of the body is visible as a dark median mid line of dorsal blood vessel along the longitudinal axis of the body.
The ventral surface is distinguished by the presence of genital openings (pores).
External apertures of Earthworm:
Mouth: At the anterior end, mouth is found in the form of crescent aperture in the peritoneum.
Prostomium: It is a lobe which serves as a covering to the mouth as a wedge to force open cracks in the soil into which the earth worm may crawl. The prostomium is first body segment which is sensory in function contains the mouth.
Clitellum: Mature worm bears a girdle like thick band of glandular tissue called clitellum which encircling the segments 14 to 16. Thus the presence of clitellum, the body is divisible into preclitellar, clitellar and post clitellar segments.
Spermathecal apertures: Four pairs of spermathecal apertures are situated on the ventrolateral sides of the intersegmental grooves i.e. 5th to 9th segments.
Female genital pore: A single genital pore is present in the midventral line of 14th segment.
Male genital pore: A pair of male genital pores are present on the ventrolateral sides of the 18th segment.