General Method of Extraction of Volatile Oil (Part 01) | Extraction Methods of Volatile oil

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VOLATILE OIL EXTRACTION
Volatile oils are mixture of hydrocarbon terpenes, sesquiterpenes and polyterpenes and their oxygenated derivatives obtained from various parts of the plant. Volatile oils evaporate on exposure to air at ordinary temperature and are the odorous constituents. As volatile oil oils are responsible for the essence or odour of the plant they are also known as essential oils.

General method of extraction of Volatile oil
Three Types of Distillation for isolating essential oils from plant materials:
1. Water distillation
2. Direct steam distillation
3. Water and steam distillation

1. Water distillation
Water Distillation In this method, the material is completely immersed in water, which is boiled by applying heat by direct fire, steam jacket, closed steam jacket, closed steam coil or open steam coil. The main characteristic of this process is that there is direct contact between boiling water and plant material.
2. Direct steam distillation
Direct Steam Distillation As the name suggests, direct steam distillation is the process of distilling plant material with steam generated outside the still in a satellite steam generator generally referred to as a boiler. As in water and steam distillation, the plant material is supported on a perforated grid above the steam inlet. A real advantage of satellite steam generation is that the amount of steam can be readily controlled. Because steam is generated in a satellite boiler, the plant material is heated no higher than 100° C and, consequently, it should not undergo thermal degradation. Steam distillation is the most widely accepted process for the production of essential oils on large scale

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