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Why has the Supreme Court of India not confirmed any death sentence in the last three years, and what does this reveal about judicial safeguards and fairness in capital punishment cases? This session analyzes the latest annual statistical report on the death penalty in India released by NALSAR University of Law, highlighting zero confirmation of death sentences by the Supreme Court, rising numbers of death row prisoners, high acquittal and commutation rates at the appellate level, and serious procedural lapses in trial courts. The discussion covers the “Rarest of Rare” doctrine laid down in Bachan Singh, key Supreme Court judgments such as Manoj v. State of MP (2022) and Vasant Sampat Dupare v. Union of India (2025), constitutional provisions under Articles 72 and 161 related to mercy petitions, the concept of curative petitions, and the Law Commission’s evolving stance on abolition. It further examines arguments for and against capital punishment, concerns regarding mitigation analysis, human rights, socio-economic bias, and global trends toward abolition, along with suggested reforms in India’s sentencing framework. This topic is extremely important for UPSC Prelims (Polity & Current Affairs) and UPSC Mains (GS Paper II – Judiciary & Governance and GS Paper IV – Ethics), making it essential for comprehensive preparation for UPSC 2026.


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