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Types of a sentence

There are four types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex.

1. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains one finite verb and therefore one independent/coordinate clause.

1. I write a letter (Simple sentence).
2. I write a letter and an essay. (Simple sentence with compound objects)
3. Ali and Aslam write a letter (Simple sentence with compound subjects)
4. He is cooking and eating food. (Simple with compound verbs)
5. Ali is a teacher. (subject complement)
6. People elected him the chairman of the city. (Object complement)
7. Ali writes a letter and sends it to his brother. (Simple sentence with two predicates)

2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence has more than one finite verb and more than one coordinate clause joined by a coordinate conjunction. A compound sentence can be broken into two or more simple sentences.

A compound sentence can be made with the help of a coordinating conjunction, a conjunctive adverb or a semicolon.
1. A compound sentence with a coordinating conjunction. (fanboys) (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.)

I went to meet her, but she was sleeping. (Compound sentence) (two or more main, independent, principal, coordinate clauses) (coordinating conjunction)

For: For you are rich, why should I help you?
And: I entered the exam hall, and I met with the teacher.
Nor: Neither my father nor am I going to Karachi.
But: I went to meet him, but he was sleeping.
Or: He will make the speech, or he will allow his subordinate to do so.
Yet: He is poor, yet he is honest.
So: I was not feeling well, so I curtailed the class.

2. A compound sentence with a conjunctive adverb. The common conjunctive adverbs are as follows:

(therefore, however, moreover, besides, also, consequently, additionally, nevertheless, nonetheless, finally, otherwise, then, accordingly, certainly, for example, for instance, now, then, again, comparison, conversely, further, hence, in fact, indeed, meanwhile, as a result, likewise, thus)

He was sick; therefore, he did not attend the class. (semicolon and conjunctive adverb) (compound sentence)

3. A compound sentence with a semicolon.
It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. (A compound sentence joined by a semicolon)

(The camel is a domestic animal. It has four legs. It has two eyes. It has two ears. It has one tail. (Jerky style of writing).

I was going through a dense jungle; it was a stormy night; the sky was covered with black clouds; the wind was howling; the wild animals were growling; dry leaves were rolling with whizzing sounds like ghosts.

A compound sentence with multiple coordinate clauses:
I got up late, and it was raining cats and dogs; moreover, the power failed; however, I tried to arrive on time. (A long compound sentence)

3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has one independent or principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The independent clause expresses a complete idea and remains meaningful even if the dependent clauses are removed from the sentence. The dependent or subordinate clauses are meaningful only if the meaning of the independent clause is added to them. It is joined by a subordinate conjunction.
The following subordinating conjunctions are used to make a complex sentence.
(after, although, as, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, once, provided that, rather than, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether, while, why)

After: I will call you after I have spoken to them.
When: When she was studying in London, she learnt French.
Provided: I will grant you leave, provided it is a genuine reason.
Notwithstanding: Notwithstanding its plot, the novel is superb.
Even if: I will go to Karachi, even if I die.

4. Compound-Complex Sentence
A compound-complex sentence, also called a “multiple sentence”, has at least two independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses:

1. He was visiting his home district (Independent clause), and he was looking at the familiar scenes (independent clause), which reminded him of his childhood. (Subordinate clause).

2. Because she was sick, I went to meet her, but she was sleeping. (Compound-Complex sentence) (one dependent or subordinate clause, two main, independent, principal, coordinate clauses)


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