Скачать или смотреть The Third Punic War | Animated Documentary

In the mid-2nd century BC, Rome asserted its dominance in the Mediterranean region, while Carthage, a significant city-state in present-day Tunisia, stood as a reminder of the Punic Wars' aftermath. The Punic Wars, fought between Rome and Carthage, concluded with Roman victories in 241 BC and 201 BC, solidifying Roman influence. Following the Second Punic War, Carthage, led by Hannibal, accepted a peace treaty imposed by Scipio Africanus, marking the city's political subordination to Rome in 201 BC.

In the post-war era, Masinissa, a powerful ally of Rome, rose to prominence among the Numidians, controlling vast territories in Algeria and Tunisia. Exploiting Carthage's weakened state, Masinissa repeatedly encroached upon its possessions, backed by Roman support. Tensions escalated in 151 BC when Carthage, defying treaty restrictions, launched a disastrous campaign against Masinissa, leading to defeat at the Battle of Oroscopa. Despite paying off indemnities, Carthage remained economically prosperous but politically subservient to Rome, igniting a Roman faction's desire for further military action.

Motivations for Rome's aggression varied, encompassing fear of Carthaginian commercial competition, a desire for glory, and political considerations. Rome, led by consuls Manius Manilius and Lucius Marcius Censorinus, initiated a punitive expedition in 149 BC. Utica, a North African port city, defected to Rome, triggering a declaration of war on Carthage. The Roman army, numbering around 40,000–50,000, landed at Utica and established camps, demanding disarmament and relocation of Carthage. The Carthaginians, refusing surrender, prepared for a determined defense.

Carthage, a sprawling city with a population ranging from 90,000 to 800,000, featured formidable fortifications, including a massive brick wall and a complex rainwater harvesting system. The Carthaginians, led by Hasdrubal, formed a robust defense with both a garrison and a field army of at least 20,000. The war unfolded with Roman assaults on Carthage's walls, followed by a protracted siege. The Romans faced challenges, including attacks on their camps, but maintained discipline under Scipio Aemilianus.

The conflict continued over multiple years, marked by battles, failed negotiations, and strategic maneuvers. In 147 BC, Scipio's election as consul and sole command in Africa brought renewed vigor to the Roman efforts. He orchestrated a successful night attack, breaching Carthage's walls but withdrew to avoid vulnerability in daylight. The siege intensified, with Scipio constructing a mole to blockade the harbor. The Carthaginians, countering with a new fleet, engaged in the Battle of the Port of Carthage, resulting in their defeat.

Scipio's forces advanced, breaching the city walls in 146 BC. A brutal six-day assault ensued, culminating in widespread destruction and loss of life. Hasdrubal surrendered, and the Romans imposed harsh consequences, selling 50,000 Carthaginians into slavery. The city's remnants were systematically demolished, with a curse preventing resettlement. The former Carthaginian territories became the Roman province of Africa, a vital source of food for Rome.

In the aftermath, Punic cities loyal to Carthage faced forfeiture, while surviving ones retained aspects of their governance and culture. The Punic language persisted until the 7th century AD. Rome's determination to keep Carthage in ruins endured, with subsequent attempts at resettlement thwarted by political machinations. Eventually, in 29 BC, Augustus completed the rebuilding of Roman Carthage, which flourished as a key city in Roman Africa. Today, the ruins of Carthage lie east of Tunis, a silent witness to a pivotal chapter in ancient history.


SOURCES:
https://www.worldhistory.org/
https://www.britannica.com/
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MUSIC : by Alexander Nakarada
Music: by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License

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