The Death of Monads? Direct Style Algebraic Effects

The purpose of monads and their alternatives (old and new). For people who love monads, hate monads, and those who don’t get them.

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💡 Useful links:
* Doing vs. Being: https://systemfw.org/posts/programs-a...
* Unison Abilities: https://www.unison-lang.org/docs/fund...
* OCaml Effect handlers: https://v2.ocaml.org/manual/effects.html
* OCaml Effect handlers: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00250.pdf
* Scala Capabilities: https://www.slideshare.net/Odersky/ca...
* Delimited continuation primops (ghc proposal): https://github.com/ghc-proposals/ghc-...
* Frank / Do be do be do: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09259
* On the expressive power of user-defined effects: https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09161
* Effekt Language: https://effekt-lang.org/
* Koka Language: https://koka-lang.github.io/koka/doc/...

#fp #functionalprogramming #unisonlang #haskell #scala #ocaml

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0:00 Intro
0:08 How we ended up in the world with monads
2:42 Control flow
4:56 The costs of monads
6:52 Monads vs. Direct Style
7:55 The worst of both worlds? Mixed styles
8:23 The best of both worlds? Direct-style algebraic effects
11:55 Control flow and call s tack
12:53 The pros of direct-style algebraic effects
14:12 The elephant in the pure room. RT
15:22 Other limitations and unknowns
15:57 What’s next and where to go
16:55 Takeaways