Скачать или смотреть Convention of International Trade in Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES)

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, often referred to as CITES, is an international treaty aimed at regulating the trade of endangered and threatened species of plants and animals. Its primary goal is to ensure that international trade does not threaten the survival of these species.

Key points about CITES:

1. **Scope**: CITES covers over 37,000 species of animals and plants, including their parts and products. These species are listed in three appendices, each providing a different level of protection.

2. **Appendices**: The appendices categorize species based on their conservation status. Appendix I includes species threatened with extinction, and trade in these species is generally prohibited. Appendix II includes species that may become threatened if trade is not regulated, and Appendix III includes species subject to regulation by a specific country.

3. **Regulations**: CITES regulates international trade by requiring countries that are party to the convention to issue permits for the import, export, and re-export of CITES-listed species. These permits ensure that trade is legal and sustainable.

4. **Enforcement**: CITES relies on member countries to enforce its regulations. Violations can result in penalties and sanctions.

5. **Successes**: CITES has been successful in helping to protect many endangered species, including elephants, rhinos, tigers, and various types of timber. It has reduced illegal wildlife trade by implementing stricter controls.

6. **Challenges**: Despite its successes, CITES faces challenges due to continued illegal wildlife trade, limited resources for enforcement, and evolving trade dynamics.

7. **Cooperation**: CITES encourages international cooperation to combat illegal wildlife trade. It works closely with organizations like INTERPOL and the World Customs Organization.

CITES plays a critical role in the conservation of biodiversity and the prevention of overexploitation of endangered species in international trade. It promotes sustainable practices and encourages countries to work together to protect the world's wildlife.