Скачать или смотреть Understanding java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError with WebDriverManager and Selenium

A guide to resolving `java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/internal/Require` when integrating WebDriverManager with Selenium in Java applications.
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Resolving java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError with WebDriverManager and Selenium

If you're developing a Spring Boot application and trying to test it using Selenium WebDriver, you might encounter an issue when setting up your WebDriver. Specifically, the error message java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/internal/Require can prevent your application from running as expected. This guide will delve into the cause of this error and provide a solution to get your tests running smoothly.

The Problem Explained

The error java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError indicates that a class that your application relies on cannot be found in the classpath at runtime. In your case, this class is org/openqa/selenium/internal/Require. Additionally, you might also see the java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.internal.FindsById error.

This typically occurs due to incompatibilities between versions of the libraries you are using. In this specific instance, the problem arises from the combination of using WebDriverManager version 5.0.3 with Selenium version 4.1.0.

What’s in Your pom.xml

Looking at the dependencies you included in your pom.xml, you have the following setup:

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The Solution

To resolve this issue, you need to ensure compatibility between WebDriverManager and Selenium. Here are two potential approaches for fixing your setup:

Option 1: Downgrade Selenium

Downgrade your Selenium dependencies to the latest subversion of version 3, which is currently 3.141.59. Update your pom.xml to reflect this change:

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By switching to Selenium 3.141.59, the compatibility with WebDriverManager 5.0.3 is restored, and your tests should work as intended.

Option 2: Upgrade WebDriverManager

As of the latest updates, you may also consider upgrading WebDriverManager to version 5.1.0 or greater, which aligns better with Selenium 4.x versions. This way, you can use the newer features of Selenium while leveraging the latest updates in WebDriverManager.

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Conclusion

Encountering the java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError error while working with Selenium and WebDriverManager can be frustrating, but it usually boils down to version incompatibilities. By following the suggestions in this post — either downgrading Selenium or upgrading WebDriverManager — you should be able to overcome this obstacle and successfully conduct your tests. Always ensure to check for compatibility when working with external libraries to save yourself from these headaches in the future!

If you have any questions or run into issues while implementing the solution, feel free to leave a comment below. Happy testing!