Cervical spondylosis is a common age-related condition involving wear and tear of the neck's bones and discs, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential nerve compression. It is also known as neck arthritis and is caused by disc degeneration and bone spur formation, which can result in pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, or hands, stiffness, headaches, and, in severe cases, loss of balance or bowel/bladder control. Treatments range from conservative measures like physical therapy, medication, and soft collars to more invasive options like injections or surgery.
Causes
Age-related degeneration:
The most common cause is the natural wear and tear on the spinal discs in the neck as you age.
Disc dehydration:
The discs lose hydration and elasticity, which stiffens the spine and can lead to the formation of bone spurs (osteophytes).
Bone spurs:
These bony projections can develop on the vertebrae and may narrow the passages where spinal nerves exit.
Genetics and lifestyle:
Factors like genetics and certain lifestyle habits, such as carrying heavy loads on the head, can also contribute to the condition.
Symptoms
Neck pain and stiffness: A common symptom is pain around the shoulder blade, which can radiate to the upper arm, forearm, or fingers.
Stiffness: A stiff neck that may be accompanied by muscle spasms and a grinding, popping, or clicking sound when moving your neck.
Headaches: Often felt in the back of the head.
Numbness and tingling: Can occur in the shoulders, arms, or hands.
Weakness: A loss of muscle strength, making it difficult to lift objects or grasp things firmly.
Dizziness: Some individuals may experience a spinning sensation.
Severe symptoms: In rare, more severe cases, there may be a loss of balance or bowel and bladder control, which requires immediate medical attention.
Treatment
Conservative treatments:
Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain.
Physical therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to help improve flexibility and strength.
Support devices: A soft neck collar may be used for support.
Ice or heat: Applying ice or heat packs can help soothe pain.
More advanced treatments:
Injections: Steroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation.
Surgery: In cases where symptoms are severe or unresponsive to other treatments, surgery may be necessary.
Prevention
Maintain good posture: Be mindful of your posture while sitting, standing, and using electronic devices to reduce strain on your neck.
Stay physically active: Regular physical activity can help support a healthy spine.
Avoid neck injuries: Take precautions to prevent neck injuries.
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