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#ipaddress
What is IP address?

 IP address stands for “Internet Protocol” address.
 An IP address is a unique number provided to each and every devices connected to Internet.
 An IPv4 address consists of 4 byte in the form of a.b.c.d (Eg 173.14.12.3, 11.12.13.225) or
00000001 00000001 00000001 00000001
 All the 4 bytes are separated by dots. Which means logically 4 bytes are divided into network and a host.

Devices addresses are divided into two parts:
i). Physical address (MAC address: Media Access Control)
ii). Logical address (IP address)

Now days logical address are of two forms:
1) IPV4
2) IPV6
IPV4 IPV6
Length 32 bits
Number of octet 4
0 to 255
(232) addresses= 4 billion
192.168.1.1 Length 128 bits
Number of octet 8
0 to FFFF (65535)
(2128) = 340 trillion
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:
0000:8a2e:0370:7334


Private IP and Public IP
Private IP Public IP
1. The scope of private IP is local 1. The scope of public IP is global.
2. It works on LAN and within Network 2 It works on the Internet over the globe.
3. Unique only in LAN 3 Unique globally
4. Free of charge 4 Cost associated with using public IP
5. Private IP can be known by entering “ipconfig” on the command prompt. 5 Public IP can be known by searching “what is my ip” on browser
6. Not recognized over Internet 6 Recognized over internet
7. Private IP addresses are secure 7 The public IP address has no security and is subjected to attack.
8. Private IP address requires NAT to communicate over devices 8 Public IP address does not requires a network translation.

Classes of IPv4
The 32 bit IP address is divided into five sub classes.
• Class A
• Class B
• Class C
• Class D
• Class E

Class A • 1 to 126 (121.1.0.5)
• 0 is reserved as a part of default address
• 127 is reserved for loop back testing
Format network.host.host.host
Default subnet mask=255.0.0.0 or /8
Class B • 128 to 191 (152.56.7.243)
• Format network.network.host.host
• Default subnet mask=255.255.0.0 or /16
Class C • 192 to 223 (193.200.3.225)
• Format network.network.network.host
• Default subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 or /24•
Class D • 224 to 239 (used for multicasting)
Class E • 240 to 255 Reserved for future use or research purpose.


#ipaddressing
#ipv4
#ipv6