70 Irregular Korean Verbs and Adjectives Conjunction: Present, Past, and Future Tense in Polite Form

70 Irregular Korean Verbs and Adjectives (descriptive verbs): Present, Past, and Future Tense in Polite Form

Irregular verbs and adjectives refer to verbs and adjectives that do not follow the regular rules when conjugated.

1. ㄷIrregular
ㄷ irregular verbs follow the rule that when the final consonant of the verb stem is ㄷ, it changes to ㄹ when combined with a vowel-initial ending.
Example: 걷다 (to walk) + -어요 → 걸어요 (I walk)

2. ㅂ Irregular
The ㅂ irregular verbs refer to a transformation that occurs when the verb stem ends in 'ㅂ', and a verb ending starting with a vowel follows, causing the 'ㅂ' to change to '우' or '오'.
Example: 돕다 (to help) + 아요 → 도오+아요 →도와요 (help)

3. ㅡ Irregular
When a verb stem ends in ㅡ, the ㅡ in the verb stem is dropped when attaching an ending that starts with a vowel.
Example: 쓰다 (to write) + 어요 → ㅆ+어요 →써요 (write)
바쁘다(to be busy)+ 아요→ 바ㅃ+아요→바빠요(am busy)

4.ㅅ Irregular
ㅅ irregular verbs follow the rule that the ㅅ in the verb stem disappears when combined with vowel-initial endings.
Example: 긋다 (to draw) + 어요 → 그+어요→ 그어요 (draw)

5. 르 Irregular
In '르 irregular' verbs, the vowel ‘ㅡ’ is dropped from the root ‘르’, and an additional ‘ㄹ’ is added. The remaining ‘ㄹ’ is used as the final consonant of the root, and the added ‘ㄹ’ then combines with the following vowel ending.
Example: 부르다 (to call) + 어요 → 부 ㄹ ㄹ+어요 →불러요(call))

6. ㅎ Irregular
ㅎ Irregular Verbs have a ㅎ consonant at the end of their stems that disappears when combined with vowel-initial endings, and the vowel 'ㅣ' is added to the stem. This change primarily occurs in adjectives.
Example:까맣다 (to be black) + 아요 →까매요 (It’s black)

7. ㄹ Irregular
The ㄹ irregular rule refers to the phenomenon where the ㄹ is dropped when the stems of verbs that end in ㄹ are combined with specific endings.

***Endings Starting with ㄴ, ㅂ, ㅅ
When the verb stem ends in ㄹ and the following ending starts with ㄴ, ㅂ, ㅅ, the ㄹ is dropped.
Example:
만들다 (to know) + 네요 →만드+네요→만드네요
살다 (to live) + ㅂ니다 → 사+ㅂ니다 →삽니다
울다 (to cry) + 세요 → 우+세요 →우세요

***Endings Starting with (으)ㄹ
When the verb stem ends in ㄹ and the following ending starts with (으)ㄹ, the 으 is dropped, and the ㄹ is retained. When the verb stem ends in ㄹ and the following ending also starts with ㄹ, the ㄹ in the verb stem is dropped, and the ㄹ from the ending is used as the final consonant of the root.
Example:
살다(to live)+을 거예요→ 살+ 을 거예요 →살 ㄹ 거예요 →사 ㄹ 거예요 →살 거예요.

70 irregular verb and adjective word list free download
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