Скачать или смотреть Stop and Frisk NYC 2016: The Human Impact

In *2016**, the **New York Police Department (NYPD)* was in the midst of significant changes regarding its *stop-and-frisk* policies, reflecting a shift away from the controversial practices that had characterized policing in the city during the previous decade. Here's an overview of the state of
*Stop-and-frisk* refers to the practice of police officers stopping individuals based on reasonable suspicion, questioning them, and sometimes searching them for weapons or other contraband. While the practice itself is not illegal, concerns arose about its implementation, particularly regarding racial profiling and constitutional violations.

The *peak* of the stop-and-frisk program occurred during the *Bloomberg administration* (2002-2013), which saw an explosive increase in the use of this tactic. By *2011**, the NYPD was making over **600,000 stops* a year, with a disproportionate number of these stops targeting *Black* and *Latino* New Yorkers

1. **Decline in Stops**:

By *2016**, the number of stop-and-frisk incidents had dramatically declined from its peak in 2011. The NYPD recorded just over **20,000 stops* in 2016, compared to more than *600,000* in 2011. This sharp reduction was a result of several factors, including legal challenges, policy changes, and public outcry over the practice.

2. **Legal and Judicial Oversight**:

The *2013 federal ruling* (by Judge Shira A. Scheindlin) declared the NYPD’s stop-and-frisk practices unconstitutional, particularly because they disproportionately affected Black and Latino people without proper justification. The court ruled that the program violated the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments (protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and equal protection under the law).
As a result, reforms were mandated, including changes to police training, improved documentation of stops, and a shift toward more **community-based policing**.

3. **NYPD Reform and New Leadership**:

Mayor **Bill de Blasio**, who took office in 2014, had a more progressive stance on policing than his predecessor, **Michael Bloomberg**, who had strongly defended stop-and-frisk. De Blasio implemented reforms aimed at reducing the use of stop-and-frisk and improving relations between the police and communities of color.
**James O'Neill**, who became the NYPD Commissioner in 2016, also expressed support for reform and emphasized a need for better police-community relations. Under his leadership, there was a focus on reducing the use of stop-and-frisk while still maintaining public safety.

4. **Racial Disparities and Public Criticism**:

Even though the overall number of stops had dropped, racial disparities remained a concern. In 2016, *Black and Latino people* still accounted for the majority of those stopped, despite representing a minority of the city’s population. In fact, about *54%* of the people stopped were *Black**, and around **30%* were **Latino**, even though these groups made up a smaller proportion of New York’s total population.
Critics argued that stop-and-frisk continued to disproportionately target communities of color, and that the data showed significant racial profiling.

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7. **Data and Accountability**:

The NYPD continued to collect and release data on stop-and-frisk practices, but there were calls for better transparency and accountability. Advocates for reform wanted to ensure that police were complying with the new guidelines and that stop-and-frisk wasn't used as a tool for racial profiling.

8. **Body-Worn Cameras**:

The NYPD began piloting the use of *body-worn cameras* for officers in 2016, which were seen as an important tool for increasing transparency in police actions. The cameras were expected to document stops and help provide more evidence to evaluate the legitimacy of stop-and-frisk encoun

By **2016**, the NYPD's stop-and-frisk practices had undergone significant transformation. The dramatic reduction in stops reflected both legal constraints and changes in leadership. However, racial disparities and the broader impact on community-police relations remained pressing issues. While the practice had been rolled back substantially, it was still a topic of significant debate, with critics pushing for further reforms and improvements in policing strategies, while others felt that reducing stop-and-frisk could hinder crime prevention efforts.