Emergency | Emergency trailer Launch | emergency provisions | national emergency

The "emergency" refers to a provision within the Constitution of India that grants extraordinary powers to the central government during times of crisis. The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, includes three types of emergencies: national emergency, state emergency (previously known as President's rule), and financial emergency.

During a national emergency, under Article 352 the President can declare a state of emergency if he/she believes there is a threat to the security of India or any of its territories, either due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. The President can then suspend certain fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution and assume greater control over the governance of the country.

A state emergency, also known as President's rule, can be imposed under article 356 by the President if there is a breakdown of constitutional machinery in a particular state. In such cases, the state government is temporarily dissolved, and the central government assumes direct control over the state's administration.

A financial emergency Article 360 can be declared if the President is convinced that the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is under threat. This empowers the President to issue directives to the states on financial matters, including the reduction of salaries of public officials.

The declaration of an emergency is a serious step and is subject to certain safeguards. It requires the approval of the President and subsequent ratification by both houses of Parliament within a specific time frame.

Emergency provisions have been invoked a few times in Indian history, notably during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the internal emergency declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975. The declaration of emergency has been a subject of debate regarding its potential misuse and its impact on civil liberties.
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