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In Python, iteration refers to the process of repeatedly executing a block of code until a specific condition is met. It is a fundamental concept in programming, and is used in a wide range of applications, including data processing, numerical analysis, and web development. Iteration is typically performed using loops, which are used to execute a block of code multiple times. Python provides two types of loops, for and while loops, which are used to iterate over a sequence of elements or to perform a task a certain number of times.

In Python, an iterator is an object that implements the iterator protocol, which consists of two methods: __iter__() and __next__(). The __iter__() method returns the iterator object itself, while the __next__() method returns the next value from the iterator. An iterator is used to iterate over a sequence of elements, such as a list, tuple, dictionary, or set.

Python's built-in range() function is also an example of iteration, as it generates a sequence of numbers that can be iterated over using a for loop. The range() function is commonly used to repeat a task a certain number of times, such as iterating over a list or performing a calculation.

Overall, iteration is an important concept in Python programming, and is used extensively to perform a wide range of tasks. Understanding how to iterate over sequences of elements using loops or iterators is a fundamental skill for any Python programmer.