Скачать или смотреть An Overview of TAJFEL'S minimal group experiments

Tajfel's minimal group experiments demonstrate how even minimal group memberships can create in-group bias and affect individuals' attitudes and behaviors. Tajfel's minimal group experiments were a series of pioneering studies conducted by the social psychologist Henri Tajfel and his colleagues in the 1970s. These experiments aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying group behavior and intergroup discrimination. The studies focused on how people form attitudes and behaviors based on group memberships, even when those group memberships are entirely arbitrary and have no real significance.

Here's a general overview of Tajfel's minimal group experiments:
1. Group Formation: Participants were randomly assigned to groups based on minimal and insignificant criteria, such as the flip of a coin or their preference for certain abstract paintings. These groups had no pre-existing social, cultural, or historical meaning.
2. Resource Allocation: Participants were then asked to distribute resources, such as points or rewards, between themselves and other group members (in-group) and members of the other group (out-group).
3. In-Group Favoritism: The results consistently showed that participants tended to allocate more resources to their in-group members compared to out-group members. This in-group favoritism occurred even when the groups were formed arbitrarily and had no real significance.
4. Minimal Conditions: Tajfel's experiments demonstrated that even the most minimal and arbitrary group distinctions were enough to elicit intergroup discrimination. This finding challenged previous theories that emphasized the importance of significant differences between groups for intergroup bias to occur.
5. Positive Social Identity: The findings supported social identity theory's central idea that individuals seek to enhance their self-esteem and social identity by positively differentiating their in-group from out-groups, even when there is no real basis for such differentiation.


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