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The three common methods for leak detection
1.Leak detection by water pressure
This method involves filling the heat exchanger with water or other non-corrosive liquids and pressurizing it to 1.25–1.5 times the working pressure. Leaks are detected by observing external water droplets or stains.
Advantages:（1）Intuitive and reliable.（2）Low cost. (3)High Safety
Disadvantages:(1)Low Sensitivity. (2)Impact on Product. (3)Low efficiency. (4)Cannot quantify leak rate. (5)May mask leak point.

2. Leak detection by air pressure
Compressed air (or other inert gases like nitrogen) is introduced into the heat exchanger and pressurized to a specific level. Leaks are identified by monitoring pressure gauge readings for drops.
Advantages:(1)Drier than water testing. (2)Slightly higher sensitivity than water testing. (3)Cost remains low. (4)Relatively simple operation.
Disadvantages:(1)Safety risks exist.(2)Limited sensitivity.(3)Inability to precisely quantify and locate leaks.

3. Vacuum Helium Leak Detection (Helium Mass Spectrometry Leak Detection)
This is currently the most advanced and sensitive leak detection method. The interior of the heat exchanger is evacuated to a vacuum. Helium gas is then either blown over the exterior of suspected areas (blowdown method) or introduced into the equipment, with a leak detector probe suction gun scanning the exterior (suction gun method). The helium mass spectrometer specifically detects minute traces of helium, enabling the detection and quantification of leaks.

Advantages:(1)Extremely High Sensitivity. (2)Precise Localization and Quantification. (3)Clean and Non-Destructive. (4)Highly Automated.

Disadvantages:(1)High equipment cost. (2)High operating costs. (3)High operator skill requirements. (4)Complex test preparation.