Jamaica Bauxite (Mining & History)

Jamaica Bauxite (Mining & History)

Noranda Jamaica Bauxite Partners, formerly St. Ann Bauxite Jamaica Limited and prior to that Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Company is located in Discovery Bay, St, Ann, Jamaica (Caribbean)

Noranda expanded its aluminum business in 2004 by gaining a 50% interest in the Gramercy alumina refinery in Louisiana and associated Jamaican bauxite deposits.

The Government of Jamaica permits Noranda Bauxite Ltd to mine bauxite in Jamaica through 2030.

⭐ Points of interest:
0:00 Intro
00:27 Noranda Bauxite Ltd
03:53 Port Rhoades
03:56 Jamaica Bauxite Ship
09:35 Jamaican Bauxite Train
09:40 Jamaica Rail Tracks

⭐ Jamaica Bauxite History:

Although the existence of the metal in certain kinds of ores was known by scientists from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The commercial production of aluminum began only in the last decade of the century.

World War II significantly increased aluminum demand and little attention was given to bauxite outside Europe and the United States.

During the 1940s, the commercial possibilities of Jamaican bauxite were recognized, when there was great need of aluminum for war effort.

For technical reasons, it happened that Jamaican bauxite was not required for the war effort. However, these three North American companies (Alcan, Kaiser and Reynolds) came to Jamaica to explore the possibilities, acquire reserve lands, and set up operations.

Reynolds began exporting bauxite from Ocho Rios in June 1952,

Kaiser began exporting bauxite from Port Kaiser on the south coast a year later.

Alcan built the first alumina processing plant at Kirkvine, Manchester near its mines, and in early 1952 began shipping alumina from Port Esquivel.

This was the beginning of the industry in Jamaica.

After the first shipment of bauxite from Jamaica in 1952, production rapidly increased.

By 1957 Jamaica had become the leading bauxite producer in the world, producing nearly 5 million tonnes of bauxite per year which was almost a quarter of all the bauxite mined in the world in that year.


In 1959, a second refinery was built by Alcan at Ewarton, St Catherine, Jamaica.

In 1961, a fourth company, Alcoa, began mining bauxite in Jamaica.

The production of alumina also increased in the mid-1960s.

By 1968, Alcan had brought the capacity of its two refineries to more than 1 million tonnes a year.

In 1969 a new plant was commissioned at Nain, St. Elizabeth, by Alpart, then a consortium of Kaiser, Reynolds and Anaconda, another U.S. company.

In 1971, Revere Copper and Brass opened the fourth alumina plant in Jamaica at Maggotty, St. Elizabeth.

and Two years later that's 1973, Alcoa, which had been shipping un­processed bauxite since 1963, built the Jamaica’s fifth refinery, at Halse Hall in Clarendon.

But in 1971 Australia overtook Jamaica as the leading producer of bauxite in the world.

At the end of the 1970s and later, other countries also drew ahead of Jamaica and a series of overtaking took place.

In 2011, major expansion work resulted in a production capacity boost

However, Australia had remained the world’s largest bauxite producer outputting 75 million tonnes in 2018.

Followed by China (70 million tonnes), Guinea (50 million tonnes), Brazil (27 million tonnes) and India (24 million tonnes).

Jamaica had by then fallen to sixth place with (10 million tonnes).

Jamaica’s share of world bauxite output fell from 18% in the 1970s to about 2% of total world production of 300 million tonnes in 2018.

However, regarding alumina. In 2018, Jamaica was ranked sixth in the world outputting 2.5 million tonnes. China, Australia and Brazil were the top three (3) countries outputting 72 million, 19 million and 7.9 million tonnes respectively.

After pits have been certified as “mined out” they are restored to their useful state. The reclamation process involves backfilling and topsoiling. The reclaimed land is then utilized for agricultural and recreational purposes.

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